\documentclass{jsarticle}
\usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx}

\def\図面始{
\unitlength 3mm
\begin{picture}(21,24)
\multiput(1,22)(0,-2){10}{\line(1,0){18}}
\multiput(1,22)(2,0){10}{\line(0,-1){18}}
\multiput(7,10)(0,6){2}{\circle*{0.5}}
\multiput(13,10)(0,6){2}{\circle*{0.5}}
\put(18,23){\makebox(0,0){１}}
\put(16,23){\makebox(0,0){２}}
\put(14,23){\makebox(0,0){３}}
\put(12,23){\makebox(0,0){４}}
\put(10,23){\makebox(0,0){５}}
\put(8,23){\makebox(0,0){６}}
\put(6,23){\makebox(0,0){７}}
\put(4,23){\makebox(0,0){８}}
\put(2,23){\makebox(0,0){９}}
\put(20,21){\makebox(0,0){一}}
\put(20,19){\makebox(0,0){二}}
\put(20,17){\makebox(0,0){三}}
\put(20,15){\makebox(0,0){四}}
\put(20,13){\makebox(0,0){五}}
\put(20,11){\makebox(0,0){六}}
\put(20,9){\makebox(0,0){七}}
\put(20,7){\makebox(0,0){八}}
\put(20,5){\makebox(0,0){九}}
}

\def\図面終#1{
\put(3,2){持 駒　\large#1}
\end{picture}
}

\def\先手#1#2#3{
\makeatletter
\newcount\横
\横=#1
\multiply \横 by -2
\advance \横 by 20
\newcount\縦
\縦=#2
\multiply \縦 by -2
\advance \縦 by 23
\put(\横,\縦){\makebox(0,0){\large#3}}
\makeatother
}
\def\後手#1#2#3{
\makeatletter
\newcount\横
\横=#1
\multiply \横 by -2
\advance \横 by 20
\newcount\縦
\縦=#2
\multiply \縦 by -2
\advance \縦 by 23
\put(\横,\縦){\makebox(0,0){\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{\large#3}}}
\makeatother
}

\begin{document}
\twocolumn

\図面始
\後手{5}{1}{玉}
\先手{5}{3}{歩}
\図面終{金}

\図面始
\後手{1}{1}{香}
\後手{2}{1}{桂}
\後手{2}{2}{玉}
\後手{1}{4}{歩}
\先手{3}{4}{銀}
\図面終{金 銀}



\end{document}